“All of My Body Was Pain” After we three sister brutally tortured and raped by Myanmar army they locked us in our room and took fire in our house. We cut one part of the wall by cook's knife and we escape out. Till now I cannot walk properly sharing a rape survivor at Kutupalong makeshift on 6 November 2017.

Mostaba Khatun (60) and Azida (27) mother and daughter first time meeting after 25 days at Moynarghona makeshift on 26 September 2017. They was together in their house in Buchidong. When army came and killed their husband and Mostaba Khatun’s (60) four son they run away from home. They lost each other and moved to Bangladesh. After twenty five days meet but all the man in family was killed.

Anuara, a twenty-five-year old mother of two was severely beaten by a monk. Buddhist monks attacked their group and killed her husband as they attempted to flee to Bangladesh. She walked five days with her children without food and drinking water. Anuara was held for three days at Anjumanpara border in Ukhiya Cox’s Bazar on 21 September 2017.

An x-ray report of MD Mostafa, 30 at Nayapara makeshift in Teknaf on 7 November 2017. “The army stormed into our home and started to fire at us. The bullet was shot in my hand. When they left, my brother took me to a village doctor but the doctor told us to go to Bangladesh. My brother brought me to the Cox’s Bazar hospital for an operation. I survived but I lost my family and four children. I don’t where they are now” said Mostafa.

A Rohingya man is carrying his sick wife at Sha Parir Dip to reach refugee camp in Teknaf, Cox’Bazar on 5 September 2017. Thousands of people walk for ten to fifteen days to reach Bangladesh border. On the way so many are become sick, died, women give birth. For saving themselves many of them left their loving person on the street because of being sick or died. But this this man did not lose his hope to save his wife life.

Burning Rohingya villages in Maungdaw beside Naf River at Myanmar Bangladeh border on 10 September 2017. About 354 villages had been partially or completely destroyed since army “clearance operations” commenced in Rakhine state in August after a series of deadly attacks by Rohingya militants (HRW). The UN reported that an estimated 603,000 refugees from Rakhine, Myanmar had crossed the border into Bangladesh since 25 August 2017.

A new arrival Rohingya refugee woman is preparing vegetables accrued from a nearby forest at Tomru border in Bandarban, Cox’s Bazar on 6 September 2017. She, along with her eight family members sought refuge on a hillock.

Thousands of Rhingya refugees are waiting for BGB permission to enter in Bangladesh at Anjumanpara border, Palongkhali, Ukhiya, Cox’Bazar on 7 September 2017. Hundreds of children are crying together for drink water and food on 92 Fahrenheit temperature condition. A mother lose her patient and started beating and crying while her one and half year old child were not stopping crying for water, when they are standing for more than five hour at same place for permission.

Bangladeshi local truck drivers help new arrival Rohingya refugees to reach camps in Cox’s Bazar on 9 September 2017. No data as to how many killed or raped by the Myanmar army but after speaking to refugees it can be estimated that over thousands of men, women, and children have been killed. Sexual violence faced by almost every Rohingya woman, widespread killings, burning of homes, arbitrary arrests have motivated migration to Bangladesh.

Thousands of Rohingya refuge are took shelter on the Road at Ukhiya, Cox’Bazar on 9 September 2017. Most of them are women, children and old persons. Most of the young man was killed by the army and mong people in Myanmar.

One and half moth old baby laying down at floor in Kutupalong camp in Cox’Bazar and his family was waiting for his die. Parents said we can save his life. He already stopped taking food for last four five days. A new survey shows that the malnutrition rates in refugee camp are alarming. The preliminary findings indicate that one in four Rohingya children are suffering from malnutrition; a higher rate than anticipated.

Thousands of Rohingya refuges are build tent inside the hill at Moynarghona makeshift in Ukhiya. The desperate refugees are building makeshift shelters in areas designated as wild elephant routes. 2 Rohingya girls killed and several injured in elephant attack at Moinarguna, Balukhali.

A new arrival Rohingya refugee man bathes in the Balukhali camp after walking ten days to reach the Bangladesh border and three days of waiting to enter the refugee camp on 27 September 2017. Specially men were killed and detained by Myanmar army so they can bright back to team.

Anjuma, 18, is eight months pregnant and currently lives with her husband. They reside in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions without access to a toilet and water at the Balukhali makeshift in Ukhiya, Cox’s Bazar on 8 October 2017. More than 70,000 of women refugees are pregnant, many experiencing widowhood before their deliveries. Rohingya women have taken shelter in Cox’s Bazar camps after encountering brutal gang-rapes and sexual violence perpetuated by the Myanmar army and/or monks.

Two sisters at Kutupalong makeshift 6 November 2018 The army started firing. We tried to run but the army snatched my fourteen and sixteen-year-old daughters. I witnessed the men forcing themselves upon them. My husband tried to save them but they slit his throat. My daughters were raped in front of me before being discarded to another part of the forest where other young girls lied bare, with bleeding wounds on their naked bodies, scratched, and mutilated.

Rabbi (14) was severally injured by Myanmar army when they try to kill him by burn and hit by knife. He was able to save him resist by his hand. Now he is staying at Kutupalong makeshift on 8 January 2018

Jubaida (7) a new arrival refugee child suffering for severe dairya at Rabar garden temporary tent along with thousands refuges in Ukhiya, Cox’Bazar. She was stuck for seven days in border to reach Bangladesh with her family without food and safe drinking water. They eat leafs from forest and drink water from canal.

Rohingya children are coming back to tent after firewood collection from forest at Moghurchara, Ukhiya, Cox’Bazar on 2 December 2017. Thousands of Rohingya refuge man, women and children go to forest everyday to collect firewood. "This huge number of Rohingya is almost burning 500 lakh kgs of firewood for cooking every day.

Siblings are playing at top of the hill in Kutupalong makeshift 5 December 2018

A Rohingya man is playing with his child at Kutupalong makeshift on 25 September 2017. Nearly 14,000 children who have lost one or both parents are among the more than half a million Rohingya refugees who crossed in Bangladesh to escape violence in Myanmar. Though Rohingya people are trying to settle with all odds and nightmares.

An aimless man stands at Kutupalong makeshift at dawn on 8 January 2018. Due to restricted movement of Rohingya refugees from the camp there is no source of income. While they receive rice and general foods, they remain financially handicapped from buying necessities to run their life. This brings greater attraction to criminal activities.

“Gunshots fired through my village as I prepared dinner for my family. I started feeding my three-year-old child when the red hibiscus flames arrived, blazing in front of my eyes. Gradually, twenty years of my married life became crisp sounds, shouldering, furling in red and turning to ash. I fled with my two daughters while my husband carried our son. We sought refuge in the forest along with many others in the village, who prayed throughout the night. When the golden light of dawn touched our skin, so did the army. The army started firing. We tried to run but the army snatched my fourteen and sixteen-year-old daughters. I witnessed the men forcing themselves upon them. My husband tried to save them but they slit his throat. My daughters were raped in front of me before being discarded to another part of the forest where other young girls lied bare, with bleeding wounds on their naked bodies, scratched, and mutilated. My daughters bled severely and were unable to walk. We spent the night unsure if death would envelope us or if god would save us. The next day, a Rohingya family provided clothes for my daughters. After six hours of walking without food and water we reached a village where young Monk people were eager to help. But instead, they raped my daughters. I begged them to kill us rather than endure the torture.

We eventually found a group migrating to Bangladesh. As we walked alongside a thousand Rohingya people, the army attacked once more. Many Rohingyas died immediately. We hid underwater and survived. Ten days of walking and we finally arrived at the Bangladesh border, with permission to enter the camp three days later. I was surprised to see thousands and thousands of Rohingya people as refugees settled in Bangladesh. I couldn’t fathom the magnitude of violence unleashed by the Rakhine state. It was clear that Rakhine is burning, daughters like my own are being raped, children orphaned, and the massacre of people rampant. I feel safe in Bangladesh now. No-one will kill us here. I’ve entered a new cycle for survival. My daughters are traumatized, unable to sleep at night. It’s difficult to collect food, medicine, and other necessities. I cannot envision our future. We do not want to return to a place worse than hell without promised living security.”

This is a common narrative for Rohingya families escaping violence perpetuated by the Rakhine state. The Rohingyas have been persecuted for decades in Myanmar. While they are victims of identity-based forced migration now living in Bangladesh, what constellation of factors can we use to better understand such a humanitarian crisis that is complex, multilayered, and understudied? As the violence remains rampant, more than 655,000 new refugees have settled in Cox Bazar, Bangladesh since the 25^th of August. Refugees occupy 9.6 million m² of land, equivalent to 889 football fields. Among them, 60% of new arrivals are children, 30% are children under five, and 7% are breastfeeding women. One in five households are headed by women and 5% by children. Over half of the gender-based violence cases reported by Rohingya refugees in Cox’s Bazar are sexual assault. (Rohingya Refugee Factsheet by UNICEF as of 3^rd October 2017)